Where is amnesia located

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Cancel Save. Universal Conquest Wiki. According to Johns Hopkins , some researchers believe that the condition is more common among sexual assault survivors and war veterans. Others think it mainly affects vulnerable individuals with other preexisting mental health conditions. Although research has not revealed what exactly causes dissociative amnesia, it is clear that the disorder has a relationship to trauma.

Doctors diagnose dissociative amnesia based on whether or not an individual meets the criteria set out in the DSM The criteria are:. A doctor will also perform a medical and physical examination to rule out other potential causes. They can use MRI scans to check for structural causes, blood and urine tests to analyze toxic causes, and an electroencephalogram EEG to rule out a seizure disorder.

If the memory loss spans a short period, supportive therapy is usually the first-line treatment. Individuals with more severe memory loss require more care, including a safe, supportive environment, which helps them naturally recover lost memories. If that is unsuccessful, a person can undergo hypnosis.

Doctors use hypnosis carefully because retrieving these memories can also lead to memories of a traumatic situation. Once the individual has recovered from amnesia, doctors may use various types of psychotherapy to reduce the frequency of these episodes and help the person cope.

These approaches include :. However, if the person receives treatment as soon as symptoms present, it can limit future amnesic episodes. Intervening immediately after the traumatic event has happened may also reduce the likelihood of developing these disorders. The outlook for people with dissociative amnesia is good. If an individual is no longer in a stressful or traumatic situation, treatment can help them recover lost memories. Memories can return suddenly or gradually, even without treatment.

However, some individuals never recover their missing memories. Dissociative amnesia is a disorder causing amnesic episodes that make a person forget important personal information, including, in severe cases, their identity.

Treatment involves creating a safe, comfortable space that will allow memories to return. In some cases, doctors will recommend hypnosis and psychotherapy.

Depression has been associated with memory loss in several studies. People cannot forget what happened to them. They frequently replay and relive the traumatic event, even though they would rather forget it. In the movies: People with amnesia have few if any problems with everyday activities. They may readily get a new job and make new or new-old friends. In reality: Most people have great difficulty learning and retaining new information because the brain has been damaged.

As a result, they struggle with everyday activities. People have difficulty remembering names and where they are going and why. These problems cause frustration, and people with amnesia often feel very confused and get lost. In the movies: People often go through a complete personality change.

Values and behaviors are transformed. Bad people become good. In reality: Amnesia affects personality or identity only rarely, when the specific areas of the brain that controls these functions malfunction. In the movies: People with amnesia due to trauma have stored memories of the trauma, intact and accurate, deep in their unconscious. With the right trigger, they can replay the memories of the trauma like a video camera. In reality: The way the brain recalls memories is dynamic. When people remember an event, they reconstruct it, pulling bits from different places in the brain.

No memory, traumatic or otherwise, is ever frozen and immune from reconstruction over time. In the movies: Amnesia can be cured mechanically. That is, amnesia caused by a blow to the head can often be reversed by another blow. Or amnesia, regardless of its cause, can be cured by looking at a familiar object or by being hypnotized. In reality: Most of these cures are dubious. A second blow to the head is more likely to cause further damage.

Hypnosis is useful only when the cause of amnesia is a disturbing event. Then, when done gently and carefully, it is often successful. Treatment and its chances of success depend on the cause.

In reality: Whether memories can be recovered depends on the severity and cause of the damage. Often, the damage is not severe, or the cause is temporary. In such cases, the amnesia often lasts for only minutes or hours, and most people recover their memory without treatment.

However, when damage is substantial, memory often cannot be recovered. Taking further damage at this point will result in death. However, health can be restored by one level by consuming a bottle of laudanum. Separate from his health, Daniel's sanity must also be maintained. The status of Daniel's sanity is displayed by an icon of a brain and spine in the inventory menu. Similarly to the health indicator, it has four status levels and changes in appearance as Daniel's sanity changes.

At maximum sanity, the icon will glow green and display the status as " Crystal clear ". Being in the darkness for too long, witnessing unsettling events, or staring at monsters will reduce Daniel 's sanity, which has effects on gameplay as Daniel's vision becomes increasingly distorted, and the sounds of his breathing and his heart beating become increasingly pronounced.

When sanity decreases, the status changes to " A slight headache ", followed by " Head is pounding and hands are shaking ", and finally " At this point, Daniel may start hallucinating, which can change the environment in unexpected ways - paintings on the walls of Brennenburg may, for instance, appear to become horribly distorted, bugs can appear to be crawling on Daniel's face or in the environment, and dead bodies may appear in areas that were previously empty.

Furthermore, any player input will have a significant delay, and movement will cause high levels of motion blur, making navigation challenging. If sanity decreases further at this point, Daniel will fall down on the floor and be incapable of moving for a short while, before regaining some sanity and getting back up on his feet. The sound of Daniel collapsing onto the floor was originally thought to have alerted nearby enemies, leaving Daniel open for attack, but in a interview, Thomas Grip revealed that Sanity did alert anything , this was just used to scare the player.

Sanity dropping to this level in Hard mode results in death, which makes managing Daniel's sanity extra important. Sanity can be increased by staying out of the darkness, which can be done with the help of the lantern, tinderboxes, or otherwise. It can also be restored by completing certain puzzles, at which point the regaining of sanity is paired with the screen glowing blue for a brief moment, and a sound akin to a sigh of relief can be heard. Finally, sanity can be restored by the use of a Sanity Potion , which, similarly to Laudanum with Daniel's health, increases Daniel's sanity by one level.

However, this item was cut late in development and is therefore not found anywhere in the main campaign, but Sanity Potions can still be integrated into custom stories.

The game, set in , casts the player in the role of Daniel, a young man from London , who awakens in the dark halls of Prussian Brennenburg Castle , near the village of Altstadt , with little to no memory about himself or his past.

Chronologically, The game takes place between the events of Remember short story Waiting for the Rain , and the expansion Amnesia: Justine. Shortly after waking, Daniel finds a note written by himself that explains how he purposely made himself forget his past, because he couldn't handle losing his innocence, so he wanted to forget it all.

The note urges Daniel to descend into the castle's Inner Sanctum and murder a man named " Alexander ", the baron of the castle. The note gives a final warning that a " living nightmare " is chasing him, and Daniel must escape it for as long as he can because there is no way to fight back. Daniel explores the castle. As he does, he occasionally finds a fleshy substance growing on the walls and doors, a sign of the "nightmare" getting closer and closer.

Through the diary entries from Daniel's journal , scattered around the rooms, the backstory of the castle and the events that transpired there begin to become clear. Before his arrival at the castle, Daniel had gone on an archaeological expedition to Africa with his friend and colleague, Professor Herbert , in order to research an ancient burial chamber.

Whilst there, Daniel had encountered a large underground chamber during a dig, much older than the one they had expected to find based on their research. Attempting to grab it, he suddenly blacked out and soon woke up being rescued by Arab diggers with the pieces to an ancient Orb in his hands. Daniel returned to England at the request of Herbert and attempted to fit the pieces together but was puzzled to find out that they did not fit together.

Stranger still, the pieces appeared to be changing shape and texture. The geologist was unsure of what was causing the changes but explained to Daniel that over long periods of time, glass changes shape.

Later, Daniel received a letter about the fate of the expedition he left behind and it was revealed that only the empty campsite was found. Herbert and his men had vanished and the lone survivor, who was grievously injured, kept rambling about something hunting down the expedition.

The majority of the notes were only quick scribblings at most, but Daniel was confused to see that Herbert wrote he was trapped for over an hour, despite beginning to choke almost immediately. Stranger still, Herbert claimed to have descended into the ancient chamber and retrieved the Orb himself, making it impossible for Daniel to have the fragments.

Daniel continues to explore Brennenburg Castle and is soon hunted by disturbing, nightmarishly mutilated creatures as well as the " Shadow ". He also begins to experience visions of the events in the castle's past, including what Alexander, his target, had done in many of the chambers.

Daniel is shocked to realize Alexander had been performing inhumane experiments on animals in order to extract vitae , a substance he saw as essential for some sort of mystical ritual. He is also shown to be ruthless, even going as far as to poison and kill his own men to prevent them from telling the outside world what he had been doing inside the castle. Daniel also experiences flashback visions of him and Alexander talking to one another, presumably on their way to the Inner Sanctum.

Daniel continues his journey down into the depths of the castle through the use of Alexander's elevator , which takes him down into the underground Prison disambiguation area of the castle.

Further diary entries show that despite being haunted by nightmares every night, Daniel was able to reassemble the Orb after waking from a nightmare.

The object fitted together without any adhesive and sat in Daniel's drawing room in a complete form.